BCOC – 132: Business Organisation and Management assignment 2020-21
Q.1 (a)What are the marketing concepts? Explain the process of evolution of these concepts.
Ans The marketing concept involves identifying consumer needs and wants and then producing products (which can be goods, services, or ideas) that will satisfy them while making a profit.. The Marketing Concept is preoccupied with the idea of satisfying the needs of the customer by means of the product as a solution to the customer’s problem (needs).
The Marketing Concept represents the major change in today’s company orientation that provides the foundation to achieve competitive advantage. Evolution of marketing concepts The marketing concept as a business philosophy is traced from its origins as a business belief where efficient production was the emphasis to the current belief which emphasizes customer needs as a means of long-run business success. The concept has evolved in a progressive fashion over the last century. According to the Evolution of Marketing Philip Kotler, marketing has progressed through five stages since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution: the production era, the product era, the selling era, the marketing era and the holistic era. The simple trade era stretched from the beginning of history to the middle of the 19th century, when trade revolved around local barter economies. Between the 1860s and 1920s, mass production became the focus in the production era. In this era, simply mass producing goods was a primary driver of sales. As the production era gave way to the sales era (1920s to the 1940s), modern marketing began to take shape.. From the 1940s to 1960s, branding and positioning became important as marketers began to understand the value of customer loyalty and brand reputation in the marketing department era. From the 1960s to the 1990s, the marketing company era phased out what theorists call the manufacturing concept in favor of the marketing concept. The marketing comceptera gave way to the relationship marketing era, in which marketers began to see long-term customer relationships as a key to company growth..
Q (b)Discuss the sources of raising finance through the equity shares and debentures? Compare their relative merits and demerits.
Ans. There are numerous source from which the finance can be raised to meet the condition requirement of a business will stop the source from which the finance will be rain depend on the type of financial requirement of the business definition requirement of a business can be classified into three categories first long-term financial requirements, medium term financial requirement ,short-term financial requirements. A Long term sources of finance must be are raised through owner capital and through borrowed capital.
Equity shares -
Equity shares also known as ordinary share represent the ownership capital in a company the holder of the share are the legal owner of the company they have unrestricted claim on income and assets of the company and possess all the voting power in the company.the rate of dividend on this is not fixed and depend upon the availability of divisible profits and the intentions of the director’s they may be paid a higher rate of dividend in times of prosperity and also run the risk of no dividend in period of adversity.
Advantages of equity shares
It is a permanent source of fund for the company. The management is free to utilise such a capital and not bound to refund it. The equity capital increase the company’s shareholder fund. The company not you need to mortgage its asset to secure equity capital. Company is not legally bound to pay dividend to its equity shareholders.
Preference shares -
Preference share capital is another source of long term financing for a company this share carrier fix rate of dividend and such a dividend must be paid in full before payment of any dividend on equity share at the time of liquidation the whole of preference capital must be paid before any payment is made to equity shareholders.
Advantages of preference share
By issuing preference share the company can acquire capital from those persons who are averses to take risk Like the equity capital company can use the preference capital until the liquidation of the company. Sign the rate of dividend payable on preference share is fixed it enables the company to take the benefit of trading on equity.
Debentures adventure are one of the frequently used method by which a company raise long term fund. Funds required by issue of debenture represent loan taken by the company and are known as debt capital adventure is a certificate issued by a company under 80c acknowledging a dept due by it to its holders Advantages of debentures. It is a cheaper source of finance because the rate of interest on debenture is usually lower than the rate of dividend expected by shareholder.
. A debentures provide finance for a specific period and hence the company can appropriately adjust its financial plan according to its requirement.
Q.2 (a)What do you mean by Business Ethics? State the major components of business ethics.
A Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics is the study of appropriate business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial subjects including corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, and fiduciary responsibilities. Components of business ethics
. To increase ethical commitment. The pillars are:
*Trustworthiness
*Respect
* Responsibility
*Fairness
*Caring
*Citizenship
The following are the types of moralities in a company:
*Personal responsibility.
*Representative or official responsibility.
*Personal loyalties.
*Corporate responsibilities.
*Organizational loyalties.
*Economic responsibilities.
*Technical morality.
*Legal responsibility.
The above discussed point explain the component of business ethics. It is the background for progress of a business. It must be implement in a business organisation.
Q2(b)What is a Joint Stock Company? Explain how it overcomes the limitations of non – corporate form of organisation.
joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.
Example of Joint Stock Company
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Tata Motors Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd. A joint-stock company is a business that is owned by its investors. The shareholders buy and sell shares and own a portion of the company. The percentage of ownership is based on the number of shares that each individual owns.
Shareholders, Members’ liability in a company is limited by shares or by guarantee. Such form of organization has to comply with varied statutory requirements. It is suitable when large resources are required. … Because of the merits of joint stock company, it was able to overcome the limitations of non-corporate form of organization.
Some of the advantages or merits of joint stock company are:-
1. Larger Capital
2. Limited Liability
3. Stability of Existence
4. Economies of Scale
5. Scope for Expansion
6. Public Confidence
7. Transferability of Shares
8. Professional Management
9. Tax Benefits
10. Risk Diffused
11. Social Benefits
12. Greater Borrowing Capacity
13. Promotes Savings and Investment
14. Greater Accountability
15. Greater Adaptability
16. Synergy of Capital and Capability
17. Use of Latest Technology.
Because of the merits of joint stock company, it was able to overcome the limitations of non-corporate form of organization..
3 Comments
Mr, Pedro Loan Offer
Email- pedroloanss@gmail.com.
WhatsApp Message: +1 863 231 0632
Bliss Solution
Social media marketing (SMM) is continually progressing and adapting, becoming a for companies and brands. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram can dynamically increase exposure and interest in your company. Search engines like Google and Bing are beginning to integrate updates, Tweets, profiles, and comments into their results pages, recognizing the importance of social interaction.
About Us - CIC World Immigration Consultant
CIC immigration consultancy is a one-stop answer for giving clients unending quality administrations in migration. We have the best group of master experts. We have begun the firm to give another way to deal with the movement field. In the present roaring economy, the people like to travel to another country for studies and earning.